Rabu, 24 Januari 2024
HTML Links - Hyperlinks
HTML links are hyperlinks.
You can click on a link and jump to another document.
When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand and it does not have to be text. A link can be an image or any other HTML element.
HTML Links - The target Attribute
By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window.
To change this, you must specify another target for the link.
The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The target attribute can have one of the following values:
_self - Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was clicked
_blank - Opens the document in a new window or tab
_parent - Opens the document in the parent frame
_top - Opens the document in the full body of the window
Example
Use target="_blank" to open the linked document in a new browser window or tab:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
Absolute URLs vs Relative URLs
Both are using an absolute URL (a full web address) in the href attribute.
A local link (a link to a page within the same website) is specified with a relative URL (without the "https://www" part):
Example
<h2>Absolute URLs</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/">Google</a></p>
<h2>Relative URLs</h2>
<p><a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a></p>
<p><a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a></p>
* more on absolute URL and Relative URL
Use a full URL to link to a web page:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>
Link to a page located in the html folder on the current web site:
<a href="/html/default.asp">HTML tutorial</a>
HTML Links - Use an Image as a Link
To use an image as a link, just put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag:
Example
<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>
Link to an Email Address
Use mailto: inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user's email program (to let them send a new email):
Example
<a href="mailto:someone@example.com">Send email</a>
Button as a Link
To use an HTML button as a link, you have to add some JavaScript code.
Example
<button onclick="document.location='default.asp'">HTML Tutorial</button>
Link Title
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" title="Go to W3Schools HTML section">Visit our HTML Tutorial</a>
SUMARRY
Use the <a> element to define a link
Use the href attribute to define the link address
Use the target attribute to define where to open the linked document
Use the <img> element (inside <a>) to use an image as a link
Use the mailto: scheme inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user's email program
HTML Link Colors
By default, a link will appear like this (in all browsers):
An unvisited link is underlined and blue
A visited link is underlined and purple
An active link is underlined and red
But you can change the link state colors, by using CSS:
Example
Here, an unvisited link will be green with no underline. A visited link will be pink with no underline.
An active link will be yellow and underlined. In addition, when mousing over a link (a:hover) it will become red and underlined:
<style>
a:link {
color: green;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
color: pink;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
color: red;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
color: yellow;
background-color: transparent;
text-decoration: underline;
}
</style>
LINK BUTTON
<style>
a:link, a:visited {
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
padding: 15px 25px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
}
a:hover, a:active {
background-color: red;
}
</style>
Use CSS to remove the underline from the link.
<a href="html_images.asp" style="text-decoration:none;">HTML Images</a>
HTML Links - Create Bookmarks
Bookmarks can be useful if a web page is very long.
To create a bookmark - first create the bookmark, then add a link to it.
When the link is clicked, the page will scroll down or up to the location with the bookmark.
Example
First, use the id attribute to create a bookmark:
<h2 id="C4">Chapter 4</h2>
Then, add a link to the bookmark ("Jump to Chapter 4"), from within the same page:
<a href="#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>
You can also add a link to a bookmark on another page:
<a href="html_demo.html#C4">Jump to Chapter 4</a>
Add a link to a bookmark, on the same page, with the id="mytext".
<a href="#mytext">Jump to new text</a>
Use the id attribute (id="value") to define bookmarks in a page
Use the href attribute (href="#value") to link to the bookmark